Computer Crimes And Hacking

estimator Crimes And HackingAs the Internet growth, it creates convenience for human and benefit for the market. However, at that place atomic number 18 many hidden negative effects behind, the electronic computer crime. The following put back showing numbers of computer crimes in Hong Kong.The computer crimes are in a increasing shape. In this study, we pass on look into antithetical kinds of computer crimes. And provide some prevention for different crimes.DescriptionE-auction role playerThe E-auction fraud is a kind of crime that happened in E-auction. There are different kinds of E-auction fraud. The most common type is stealth fake products.There is discussion slightly the e-auction fraud in Hong Kong in January, 2010. A 19-year-old young was arrested in suspected of e-auction fraud of HK$100,000, and it involved to a greater extent than 20 cases of e-auction fraud. In the case, the younker post some information of foreign fashion clothing and accessories on the e -auction site, and asked the buyer to deposit the money to the designated bank reputation prototypic, and claimed that the goods leave alone be sent after payment. that the delivery didnt happen, and the buyer had lost his money. (Sing Tao Ltd., 2010)2.1.1 saloon and dissolverCheck the e-auction websites ab reveal the protection policies.Learn the sell story of the seller before placing a bid. If cant find whateverthing out about the seller, than avoid doing business with them.Never ever give out the in the flesh(predicate) information to another(prenominal)s, like the reference book card number, or bank account information until concord thoroughly checked out the seller and the escrow service. invariably save the history of the transaction information.2.1.2 Legal and good contentsAs for the e-auction fraud, on that point is not a specific law for every kinds of e-auction fraud. But selling fake products, cheating money and stealing buyer ainised for malefactor i ntent, then it will be against the laws in Hong Kong. In the case sample, the adolescent opposes the morality. He tried to make money in an illegal way. Its disgraceful, because the youth is too greedy. He tried to earn fast money without nonrecreational effort on it. And he lost integrity to the one who reliance him and buy his products.2.2 Spamming correspond to the Yip, Tse Tang (2010), spamming is the act of delighting unsolicited electronic messages in bulk, whether for commercial or non-commercial purpose. Sending unsolicited messages does not take a hop to emails. It happens with postal cast out mails and cast away fax. Spam by emails is the most practically seen form of spamming on the Internet. Emails are delivered with contents or messages for commercial advertising. Because of the belittled cost on sending email emails in massive scale, Non-commercial junk emails are also found.There is news about spamming, this time not on E-mail its on the cell phone. IT compa nies has set up websites and send SMS to the cell phone exploiters. Its selling point is free enrollment, but there is a hidden charge for each SMS. When the drug users register the account, it means the familiarity can send the SMS to the registered users and receive charges. And the comp some(prenominal) sends 80 messages to a user within 1 hour each message cost HK$5, the user being charged much than ten thousand dollars a month. (--, 2010)2.2.1 barroom and SolutionThe following solution and prevention are based on the E-mail spammingCheck the privacy policy of websites or companies before providing any individualized information when filling in some web registration forms, online surveys, etc.Check the terms and conditions of the email service more carefully, particularly their privacy policy when subscribing to free email account work, when filling in the account profile.Open different email accounts for different purposes, like Gmail for give instruction work, Hotma il for office work, etc.Simply delete emails from unknown vectors because reply or click on the link in the email means the sender is confirming that the email address is a valid one.Ask the ISPs for any anti-spam solution or install email filters to make a dismal list for reducing the amount of spam emails.2.2.2 Legal and Ethical issueIn Hong Kong, there doesnt does have any specific anti-spam legislation. But there are detailed guidelines on spam prevention found in a Code of Practice issued by the Hong Kong ISP Association (HKISPA) in 2000.The HKISPA asks its ISP members, to take on terms in their Internet access agreement that require the subscriber to not engage in sending spam messages. But it isnt a law.For the company, they send out junk mail is because they want to promote their companys products or services. Bu they dont understand that this will cause problem to the one who received the junk mail. For who receive the mails need to waste time on deleting the mails.Digi tal forgeryDigital cutaneous sensess help organizations sustain signer authenticity, accountability, data integrity and non-repudiation of electronic documents and forms.According to Will (2002), Counterfeit website security certificates can be generated and employ make sites appear secure when they are not, says a US computer programmer. The trick could tempt surfers into handing over personal information, such as credit card details.The forgery technique relies on the way Microsofts Internet venturer shell outs the security certificates that verify the identity operator operator of a web site, says Mike Benham. These certificates are used to establish an encrypted connection to a web site so that private information can then be safely turn over over.2.3.1Prevention and SolutionProvide different kinds of security certificates, like the digital signature and digital watermark. Also, all data for issuance encrypted into a metafile.Moreover, prevent submission any personal info rmation on the Internet. And settle not to transfer any unknown certificates and access to any unknown websites.2.3.2 Legal and Ethical issuesCounterfeit a website security certificate is not illegal, but using the fake certificate and try to collect others personal data whitethorn against the laws in Hong Kong. And there is no laws for just counterfeit the website security certificates.Its immoral for collect the personal data from others without their permission. And propose to counterfeit the website security certificates and fill in the original one is also immoral. The malicious intent of doing is not acceptable. identity operator theftThe identity theft usually cause by hackers. The hackers take others personal information, like the credit card numbers, and for criminal uses.Manhattan prosecutors announced that they reveal a large(p) multinational group of credit card and identity theft. The defendants were charged with enterprise corruption, theft, money laundering, fr aud, and other offenses. The crime syndicates used a multinational Internet company to carry out criminal activities from 2001 to 2007. They smuggle credit card numbers and others identity information for selling and earning profit. (-, 2009) The identity theft is usually caused by hacker.2.4.1 Prevention and SolutionFirst of all, handle the account and password carefully. Then encrypt data when transmitting personal information on the Internet. Moreover, dont reply or click any relate embedded in unexpected emails. Last but not least, dont submit personal data on the Internet that may be irrelevant to the purposes of collection, such as credit card number.2.4.2 Legal and Ethical issuesIn Hong Kong, there is Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance to protect the use of personal information. But posting others basic information on the Internet, like name, age, e-mail address or personal website is not a crime. Only stealing without permission for criminal use is illegal.The one who ste al other personal information and use others information is immoral. They should respect others privacy. But they dont respect it or may be lack of this kind of knowledge. So they may bobble others privacy. They are malicious intent.HactivismHactivism is a conclave that chastens by hackers. And they shared the a la mode(p) hack technologies on the conference.In 2002, there were about 2000 hackers from different countries pull together in New York. They held a big hactivism. At the conference, hackers want to hold information guerilla warfare due to the dissatisfaction of network security for more than 20 countries. And develop out a new package program cock as a declaration of war. Then, the U.S. network security institutions and other large companies worried about the software. Because the new software is likely to become the dent for criminals or even terrorists for stealing trading secrets, and transferring terror information. (-, 2002)2.5.1 Prevention and SolutionThe lar ge companies should be aware of the in style(p) information about the hactivism, because they will announce any latest bug that they find. And the companies should try to keep modify their software to fix the bug of their software. For the normal computer users, they should keep update their software and arranging to protect from being hacked.2.5.2 Legal and Ethical issues memory the conference actually is not illegal. And hacking the software is not illegal too. But publish those hacked software and cause any criminals to other then will be illegal. And hacking to other system is also illegal.The reasons why they hold the conference is due to challenge. They want to compete with other hackers and try to become the first to find out the bugs or problem of the software.Discussion on HackingAccording to George (2008), apple wanted to select a iPhone hacker to the company. The company wants to cleanse the security of the OS system. People may argue that why they hire a hacker to hack their system. But in my view, I cipher hacking is beneficial to the companys products or services. The reason why Im saying this because hacking can follow the companys attention to their released products or services. Hacker will try to find out the bug from the system security and then attack the system. For the Apple case, masses may jail break the iPhone and get the root management of the iPhone. Apple then want to hire the hacker to hack their system for improvement. So when the company found that their systems are being hacked. Then they will cross off that their products are not perfect. So, they will try to keep update the system to avoid being hacked again. The company profit may be touched if their products can be easily hacked due to the comparison of the similar products from other companies. So the companies may keep improving their products and provide the best services to their customers. Thats why Im saying hacking is beneficial.3.1 Action to reduce hacking activitiesThere are some suggestions from the H.K. Government to reduce hacking activities. The suggestions are as followInstall the anti-virus software and personal firewall software on the computer devices.Keep updating the anti-virus software, because the superannuated software can be easily hacked or affected by the new virus.Try not to install any unauthorized software on the computer.Turn off all JavaScript or ActiveX support in the web browser before visiting a un familiar websites. take for the latest security updates and patches to the software.Disconnect from the Internet when not in use. Because attached to the Internet all the time has a high risk of infection, and has a greater probability of being hacked.ConclusionComputer and Internet have brought us convenience to our daily. People should get well use of them. And try to avoid commit any computer crime. The computer users should aware of the latest news of computer crimes and protect their personal information. The Social and Schools should pay more attention on the computer crimes. And promote the proper way to use network resources.

Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom

contain is the winder to unlock the golden door of licenseGeorge Washington cutting tool s help oneself that nurture is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom (n.d. in BrainyQuote, 2010) and nowhere is this much than true than for those who experience memoriseing difficulties. In e truly educational environment it is important that the students feel valued no matter what their culture difficulties they need to feel included as a part of the school community where any(prenominal) barriers to instruction ar up academic item in sanctify to optimise instruction and participation (Booth, Ainscow, Black-Hawkins, Vaughan and Shaw, 2000, P. 13) and that they ar convey mostthing valuable into the classroom where their efforts and achievement ordain be espyd (Ofsted, 2000, P. 4). The key to universe able to support every students in their considering is start-off class assessment which identifies individual pupils strengths and weaknesses so that optimum provi sion crapper be make for them (Cross, 2004, P. 117) which is factly important in protecting especial(a)iser provision for those who need it (Croll and Moses, 2000, P. 1). Sometimes t individu every last(predicate)yers instruct or tell, serving as transmitters of information that students book to acquire at other times teachers test and demonstrate, acting as mentors and coaches instead than as instructors (Hargreaves, 2005, P. 5) the aim of this es ordinate is to learn doingsist and cognitive approaches to scholarship for those who have information difficulties identifying the strengths and weaknesses in each regularity when applied to the statement.Historically barbarianren have been presented with a didactic stupefy of learning they were told when to diminish into school, what they were t one and only(a) ending to learn and were instructed close to how they were going to learn it irrespective or their personal talents students were all made to write with their sound hand even if it did non accompany naturally to them much to their defeat my great grandmother for font. The education system became a process of learning to bid by which squirtren argon expected to learn by visualize participation in meaty, wasting dis reposeful occupations, with a factory modelling of education by assembly line instruction (Bruce, 2004, P. Xi). This followed very much the behaviorist Model which argues that learning is initiated by with(predicate) our interaction with external stimuli which alters the sort in which we tackle things (Glassman, 1995) the behaviourist school of feeling grew from the pioneering exertion of Ivan Pavlov and his dress with dogs at the sound of a bell he was able to initiate salivation in the animals in anticipation of receiving aliment which continued long after the food was non delivered as expected this became kn induce as Classical Conditioning. mob Watson (who frontmost used the term behaviourism) conti nued this wee and attested that all mankind behaviour was the result of responding to stimuli in a conditioned trend he even went as far as to suggest that anyone, no matter what their brotherly status or efficacy, could be schooled to fulfil any task or profession provided that they were healthy and applied themselves in their learning (Watson, 1924, P. 82) and that an adult c befully controlled the conditions for the stimuli and the responses (Keenan, 2002, P. 24). Experiments that were carried proscribed with kidskinren to test this conjecture, notably by Watson and Rayner, illustrated that twain fear and pleasure could be associated with particular objects or noises this led them to guess that rewards or documentations could arise from the satisfaction of inner demand and could provide a motivation for learning (Tilstone, Layton, Anderson, Gerrish, Morgan and Williams, 2004, P. 45).Skinner further amazeed these ideas into what he called operative Conditioning he put forward the idea that all actions that were reinforced, both positively through and through reward or negatively through punishment, would be duplicated he actively encouraged teachers and educators in general to cement a electric razors success through the use of positive praise and reinforcement. Positive reinforcement involves rewarding correct behaviour or responses such(prenominal) as yarn a sentence without error leading to a star being presumptuousness, progressing to cardinal lines followed by a paragraph and so on to growth the reward and encourage learning. He felt that sisterren were led and could be do in their learning and parents and teachers needed to reinforce their learning whenever and wherever it occurred in other lecture, when a parent or carer shows enthusiasm for something a child tries to say, this should encourage the child to repeat the utterance (David, Goouch, Powell and Abbott 2003, P. 49). Skinner also believed that the acquireness of co gnition needed to be tackled in constitutes which built on the actual learning of the individual tortuous proposing a technology of direction whereby instruction is secernate, hard verbal behaviours gradually shaped, reinforcement for entrance responses is consistent and immediate, and learned behaviours are maintained by intermittent reinforcement schedules. (Ormrod, 2004, Ps. 79-80). Having s back up that it is individualised it is mechanistic in constitution following a set archetype of repeat, correction and praise following successful modification to embed the accomplishments into the bookman (Capel, 1997, P. 136) this sort of learning treats the child like a type of humankind sponge (Kirk, Macdonald and OSullivan, 2006, P. 295) they are often referred to as command or go for styles and are often seen in subjects such as Physical direction (Byra, 2006, in Kirk et al, 2006, P. 450). These theorists placed great emphasis on the additive nature of instruction what we call training in this view, is really just a long serial publication of individual learning experiences (Bee, 1989, P. 14) considering learning to be the alike for all no matter what their age or stage in sustenance (Tilstone, Layton, Anderson, Gerrish, Morgan and Williams, 2004, P. 50) reinforcing the need for educators to look at how students are acquiring their learning necessitating accurate and thorough record keeping in evidence to be able to properly assess and evaluate their work. This is life-or-death in format to fully cater for individuals who are experiencing difficulties in their learning.The word cognitive comes from the Latin cognoscere which operator to know all of the processes which are undertaken in mentation and subtle well-nigh anything are what is known as cognitive actions. cognitive coachment is the theater of how these processes develop in children and young multitude, and how they manufacture more efficient and effective in their sympathy of the world and in their mental processes (Oakley, 2004, P. 2). any individual thinks and reasons in a contrasting air, with a childs processes being variant from that of an adult which is why cognitive approaches to education are both fascinate and complex in their make up.Jean Piaget was one of the original to look at how children learn as individuals in their own right and that their way of thinking and on that pointfore learning was diverse to that of an adult. He argued that all children go through a series of stages in their development which are linear in nature which means that they take place at round the same time (Long, 2000, P. 32) they are sensori motor (birth to about eighteen months), the pre useable (eighteen months to about six years), the concrete operational (six to approximately eleven years) and the imposing operational (eleven years onwards). Piaget contests that the way that individuals learn in their lives is divergent at each of these stages and that as a result the way children perceive the world, the way they process and respond to information, and the way they develop ideas and archetypes (Moore, 2000, P. 9) forget be dissimilar too. He believed that maturity affected the way that children thought and learned reflexion that human beings are, from early childhood, active, independent meaning makers who construct knowledge rather than receive it (Moore, 2000, P. 7). He perceived children as being capable of constructing their own looking of their experiences and the world approximately them as a result of their inbuilt curiosity and need for knowledge and understanding. Piaget put forward the idea that there are twain distinct phases to the learning process the first entails the child demonstrating their understanding of a particular experience or idea that they come a mishandle in the world by the way in which they ruffle or assimilate this new data into it, for example a child utilise a large box as a f ellowship when they are p sending the other is known as accommodation which describes the learners cogency to make sense of the new event occurring in the environment (Leonard, 2002, P. 1). Piaget believed that these twain phases needed to be perfectly balanced if effective learning was going to be able to take place as it is only when by the simultaneous action of assimilation and accommodationthat events are perceived as meaningful and at the same time generate changes in the interpretive procedures (Barnes, 1976, P. 22). payable to every single experience that people have in life their perceptions of and interaction with the world around them changes and Piaget regards this as part of the process of learning and cognitive development to understand is to discover, or reconstruct by rediscovery, and such conditions must be complied with if in the future individuals are to be organise who are capable of production and creativity and not simply repetition (1973). The cogniti ve structures adjust in response to challenges when incoming information basisnot be accommodated inwardly existing schemes, and modes of thinking develop with biological growth (Tilstone et al, 2004, P. 20).A similar route was followed by the work of Bruner who studied the processes behind learning and trouble solving. Both stress the importance of engagement in problem solving activities which promote links with bumping solutions (Wood, 1998) as well as there being stages through which learners acquire and develop their knowledge Bruner describes them as enactive understanding is promoted in the learner through interaction with the world, iconic when images are more frequently used in order to call back knowledge and information and symbolical the use of complex systems of symbols, for example language, to convey understanding and abstract thought these correspond to Piagets sensori-motor enactive, pre-operational iconic and concrete and formal operational symbolic (Smith , 1999, P. 20). Bruner explains that the first stage is characterised by action on the part of the learner in that the recognition of objects seems to depend not so much on the objects themselves only on the actions evoked by them (Bruner, 1966, P. 12). As the learner matures there is slight need to interact physically with objects to understand them as they develop the mental object to see something in their mind (the iconic stage). The learner moves to the symbolic stage through interaction with the world and those around them in order to develop language and communication inside the scene of the culture to which they are undefendable as learning, remembering, talking, imagining all of them are made possible by combat-ready in a culture (Bruner, 1996, P. xi). As a result he seems to equate learning step to the fores or difficulties with an absence of ethnicly stimulating environments as opposed to deficiencies in any child (Tilstone, 2000 in Tilstone et al, 2004, P. 25) giving particular attention to three distinct areas or amplifiers motoric, sensory and supposeive. Motoric covers physical extensions of human capabilities like knives and forks for eating, spears for hunting, tools for farming and cars to transport ourselves around more quickly and efficiently. afferent involves the enhancement of the way that the world and people in it are perceived for example simple things like spectacles or magnifying glasses. Reflective encompasses the means through which communication skills are learnt, developed and dual-lane with those around us parents and carers initiate this process with both verbal and non verbal cues enabling them to hold communication through holding their attention while building on their responses (Tilstone, 2004, P. 26). Often this will mean that adults will challenge children to extend their abilities and skills through this which Bruner believes is the right thing to do as a teacher, you do not wait for readiness to happen you foster or scaffold it by deepening the childs powers at the stage where you find him or her now (1996, P. 120). He believed that comprehensive development is possible through this sort of social/ pagan interaction.Vygotsky furthered the idea that social interaction was the catalyst for the development of a child the entire history of a childs psychological development shows us that, from the very first days of development, its adaptation to the environment is achieved through social means, through the people surrounding it (Vygotsky and Luria, 1993, P. 116). Kozulin, Gindis, Ageyev and Millar (2003) inform us that at the heart of Vygotskys theory lies the understanding of human cognition and learning as social and cultural rather than individual phenomena (P. 1). He laid great stress on the socio cultural environments which shape the development of children (Kozulin et al, 2003, P. 2), believing that absolutely everything in the behaviour of the child is merged and rooted in so cial relations (Vygotski, 1932 in Ivic, 1989, P. 429) and their interactions with their peers, teachers, adults and the community as a whole. He in fact show that interaction, teaching and learning were integral to each other and that they could have no rigidly defined techniques ascribed to them (Popkevitz, 1998, P. 538).These ideas about cognitive development are referred to as social cognitive due to their being a mixture of social and cognitive theory they centre round childrens dealings with the environment and those in it utilising the distinct communication skills that they have learnt. Vygotsky believes that children learn from watching and copying or modelling the different behaviours of those around them using a tot up of different cultural tools, for example a small child pointing a flick is seen initially as an inconsequential grasping action which changes into a probatory one as people react to it (Vygotsky, 1978, P. 56). He emphasised two points in terms of learni ng, mediation and the expansion of psychological tools. Mediation crowd out be seen as a learner using aids which are both human and symbolic to be able to understand the information that has to be learnt at the start of the process something which needs to be learnt is modelled and spy by the learner who internalises it, making it part of their psyche having had time to reflect on it this type of mediation notify take countless different forms from simple guidance and encouragement to complex advice and scaffolding in order to achieve the understanding of a concept but rather than submit to define mediation it is more important to understand that it provides a position on how to look at interpersonal engagements and arrangements (Rogoff, 1995, P. 146-147). Psychological tools are those symbolic systems specific for a precondition culture that when internalised by individual learners become their inner cognitive tools (Kozulin et al, 2003, P. 3) which aid them in mastering me ntal processes (Daniels, 2001, P. 15) and gives them the great power to control the conditions of their future remembering (Bakhurst, 1996, P. 202). Vygotsky felt that the higher cognitive processes could only be accessed and developed by learners through copying or imitating adults or older more experienced people due to what he referred to as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) he defined this as a latent learning gap between what a child suffer do on his or her own and what can be through with the help of a more skilful other (Richardson, 1998, P. 163).It is through following the lead of someone else that individuals are able to develop the skills and the cognitive ability to be able to accomplish tasks alone.Siegler believed that the linear way of regarding cognitive development did not paint a full enough picture of the facts that one could observe about learning, such as the anomaly of a salmagundi of different skill levels within the same age group of children. He devel oped an overlapping waves theory in trying to better understand how children develop where the focus was on the number of strategies that a child expertness use at any age rather than which specific strategy a child might use most during which stage (Calais, 2008, P. 3). Siegler made three assumptions on which he based his idea children use a number of methods to address a problem, not just one methods of thinking and strategies that are used remain with people for indefinite periods of time children use the experiences that they have to enable them to build towards and move on to more complex strategic thinking. He states that variability is undeniable when one observes how an individual or group tackle a problem and that inconsistencies in approach can be seen in individuals who use different strategies to address the same issue on different days. Siegler highlights five stages in learning acquisition of sympathetic strategies, mapping strategies onto new problems, streng thu slying strategies for consistent usage, refining choices and executing good-hearted strategies (Calais, 2008, P. 4). These stages are all evident in the development of childrens cognitive abilities although they might actually be going through a number of them at the same time. Similar to Piaget and Vygotsky, Siegler discover that the ability of the learner to choose an appropriate strategy in order to address an issue got better the more mature and skilled they became thus possibly accounting for why individuals within a group might tackle a problem other than in spite of being from the same culture.The teaching techniques which are associated with these schools of thought are almost diametrically opposed to each other. The behaviourist model is one which is teacher focused and revolves around the pupils following instructions that they are given to achieve a specified end. It is a mechanical and stereotyped way of working but is one which is essential if children are to learn t he basics of any skill. Unfortunately there is no substitute in a great many areas of the political platform for instruction based teaching in order to ingrain the skills into students prior to moving on to more advanced skills. Examples of this can be readily seen in the mathematics classrooms where I myself sat through what seemed like endless practice of times tables both through chanting as a class or via targeted mocking of individuals to ensure that they had been learnt properly the basic rules of algebra need to be learnt onwards attempting to work out equations or problems Physical Education lessons are full of the command or practice style of lessons where instructions and demonstration of skills are given followed by practice of skills in isolation, feedback from the practitioner and peers followed by time for improvement and a short game to contextualise the newly learnt skill. The advantage of this type of learning environment is that it is very focused on specific learning goals, the lessons targeting those exclusively in bite size pieces which is ideal for those with learning issues the detriment is that it does not allow for freedom of expression or for the individual strengths of students to be developed.Cognitive schools of thought would encourage teachers to contextualise any skills that students are learning at all times or at the very least whenever it is possible to do so. This would involve starting work on a subject by assessing what the student already knows and constructing a programme of work from that point. This would enable the students with learning difficulties to feel confident in their ability to make progress in that they are beginning with beaten(prenominal) territory making the prospect of what is to come less intimidating and potentially overwhelming. Classrooms following this sort of approach are much more creative in that they allow, as far as possible, for the pupils to direct the learning towards set goals allowi ng for them to be as imaginative as possible in the process. This child centred approach requires a high degree of organisation in and management of the classroom and necessitates a measured lay out of the classroom for its various forms. In the primary classroom there would need to be specific areas for each different activity in order to maximise the learning potential of the environment for example a computer area, a construction area, a role playact area, a carpet area and a culture or quiet area. The teachers work area could be placed in the middle of the classroom for ease of access for all with clear gangways to aid uninhibited movement around the room. The displays should be vibrant, colourful and current indicating to the class that their work is valuable and becoming of being displayed a curiously important point for those with learning difficulties who incessantly have low self esteem. Topic based work allows cross curricular links to be forged which is a strength of this method of learning for example a topic on the Great fervency of London could be tackled encompassing a number of different areas of the computer program history would clearly be covered as the foundation of the study alongside a study of how the buildings of the time were constructed, why they would have fire so quickly and how they could have been constructed to make them safer English and Literacy could be covered through the construction of fire safety posters and poems and the community could be involved through a visit from the local fire service personnel. The children would be encouraged to work both on their own and as members of a group for different parts of the study that they are undertaking using the adults as a resource from which to glean information or to aid them in their planning of how to approach part or parts of their work. The disadvantage of this method of approaching teaching is the huge amount of preparation which needs to be completed originall y the session to accommodate the creative talents within the group of children but the advantage is that pupils are motivated to complete work to a high standard which expresses their knowledge and understanding of the topic to its fullest consummation irrespective of their relative talents or abilities.There is no easy or definitive way to teach the skill of reading to any child let alone those who experience learning difficulties. The current trends push through to be a blend of the behaviourist and the cognitive approaches which bring in the go around of both worlds. Before implementing any programme it is important to understand the level at which children are operating when they enter the classroom. Some primary children will already have acquired the basics of letter recognition and even some reading skills. However it is important to establish where they are and how to go about reinforcing the basic skills which will allow them to access books and reading materials in the future. It is crucial to understand that the teaching of reading is designed to cover two areas the mechanical aspects of decoding linguistic communication and the comprehension of them. Decoding is the means through which people are able to interpret written words on a page and make them into meaningful sounds this involves providing them with the skills to be able to sound out letters and syllables in order to construct the words that appear on the page. It gives people the ability to read almost anything even if it is slowly through the decoding process initially this involves using words with which the learner is familiar followed by the introduction of increasingly more complex ones.The most pop method at present is that of phonics the use of letter/sound associations to recognise words. There are five basic skills which are required for reading and writing which are learning the sounds of the letters, learning the formation of the letters, blending, recognising sounds in words and spelling words that are different or difficult (Jolly Phonics, n.d.). The concept has been popularised by the development of a number of products for the use of both parents and schools to aid students of all ages and abilities with their reading. Phonics provides the learner with that which is readily accessible, easily produced and comprehensible to them sounds, which can then be linked to words. There are a number of different approaches in terms of structure but I will be focusing on one, that of Jolly Phonics. To begin with children are taught the forty two main sounds in English in seven distinct groups(Jolly Phonics, n.d.)These are known as digraphs and are accompanied by a series of actions (encompassing a multi sensory approach, examples of which are below) which correspond to the letters to help the children to remember them which gradually become un unavoidable as the learner gains in confidence.sWeave hand in ansshape, like a snake, and sayssssssaWiggle finger s above elbow as if ants crawling on you and saya, a, a.tTurn head from side to side as if watching tennis and sayt, t, t.iPretend to be a mouse by wriggling fingers at end of nose and yammeri, i, i.pPretend to puff out candles and sayp, p, p.n accept a noise, as if you are a plane hold munition out and saynnnnnn.(Jolly Phonics, n.d)They learn each letter by its sound, for example a is for ant which will help with blending later in the process. The first group of letter above are introduced at the outgrowth as they provide the greatest amount of three letter words when combined with each other. The students are then taught how to hold a pencil correctly followed by how to form letters in an appropriate way. This is followed by blending which is the process of articulating the individual sounds within a word before running them together to produce the whole. All children need to learn this stage and get better with practice and encouragement. This is often the key with those who have special needs having the encouragement and the confidence to try and not fear making mistakes. It may need the adult to say the parts of the word first to ensure that the pupil can hear them before repeating them which could be seen as the adult providing the support or scaffolding in order for the child to progress to the next level (Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development). Games can be played like I-Spy to encourage children to listen for the sounds in different parts of words and blending cards can be stabilizing in this process. Spelling is a different issue with a number of possibilities available to aid in this learning process for example Look, Cover, Write, disclose or Mnemonics (the first letter in each word of a saying spelling a word, e.g. fish Frogs In Silly Hats).As we can see from the above example of the teaching of reading and from teaching techniques in general there are advantages and disadvantages in each teaching method. If one wishes to get a safety mes sage across about crossing a road it would not be appropriate for the children to find out by playing chicken with the cars They would need to be given specific instructions as to how to accomplish the objective safely and if necessary practice in the playground in a role play situation to ensure that the message has been taken in. The basics in reading need to be given through instruction and practice before words can be used creatively in the context of story writing, telling and reading. Lots of practice and exposure to words in and around the classroom through colourful displays with pictures combined with words will lead to a comfort and familiarity with reading and the written word which is particularly valuable for those with learning difficulties. Reading is a basic and necessary skill which one needs not only to access a curriculum to be able to pass exams but to be able to function in the most basic way in life. Those with learning difficulties have the right to be taught and to learn this skill of communication there is no one all encompassing way to achieve this and practitioners have to develop a number of skills and techniques to accommodate the different needs of the personalities in their care. It would appear that there needs to be a blend of both the behaviourist and cognitive approaches to get the best from children as some aspects need to be specifically taught whereas others can be guided and discovered through shared activity with both their peers and adults alike.

Treatment for Patients with Trauma After Head-on Collisions

handling for Patients with Trauma After Head-on CollisionsThe Optimal Treatment for Patients with Trauma at a lower placementioned Head-on CollisionsTrauma patients unendingly call for specialized preaching and likewise cargon in a compact to save their lives. The existing literary works al airs underpins the conviction that combat injury- link up mortality could be worked down by dint of directly absolute consideration conveyed by means of a multidisciplinary approach. Each health cargon institution with an enthusiasm for looking after the injured ought to mensurate its internal human and office- based assets in order to create a protocol for suitable multidisciplinary host activation. Building the Trauma group energizing Policy for many health centers is an internal hospital/Trauma Systems commission examination. The essential objective of accidental injury assemblage initiation criteria is to guarantee that the needed picks in line with addressing the clinical needs of injured patients argon always accessible. This is cl previous(predicate) give awaylined in the Trauma Team activating insurance (Stiell rise, 2011).PICO FrameworkIn line with coming up with the clinical question, the PICO cloth is pertinentP represents the patients problem or population. The pass concern of the patient is given credit in this regard.I represents interference where one has to come clearly up with what he plans to do with the patient.C represents comparison, where an alternative has to be sought in case the first way fails.O represents surfacecome, which is what is expected in the end.Clinical QuestionWhat corporation be the best clinical interventions and predictions post triage activation for head-on collisions?MethodsIdentification The assignment was mainly done by database searching, where links that were pertinent to the research were quickly available. This entailed gaining insight from the most recent sources and the available pieces. Ther e were two sources that were purely found on the internet and were easy to locate.Screening The screening entailed considering the issues organism outlined in the sources identified. Those sources that touched on both the policy and the response from different quotas were considered. Those that were narrow in their perspective were excluded in a bid to ensure that the tuition matched the needed criteria. In the long-run, five articles were deemed relevant and suitable for the research.Eligibility There article that was considered for eligibility. However, after assessing the keenness and the way the article cerebrate to the clinical question, some information was deemed ineligible. The considerations given an upper hand were how the head-on-collision were to be treated and how the squad was to respond.Aim To understand the main issues necessary to be handled in line with the head-on collisions.The fundamental detriment causes of TBI stop cherry hostility, transportation acc idents, and falls. TBI dupes be for the most part young men time-honored seven to10. TBI-related results advance historical recorded fatalities. They can as well be seen towards victims who survive damage.These people whitethorn exhibit physical, cognitive, parallelism, and manneral incapacities. They can overly exhibit inadequacies at a fewer levels in line with stomach issues on social and occupational levels. The outcomes of damage consequences also touch the apply peoples families. These argon families who might be viewed as concealed exploited people. An unavoidableness in the family arrangement frequently emerges. It is also the rise of sicknesses that bargain the familys susceptibility to function and recover (Cotton, Dossett Haut, 2010).The financial support of the speech therapist in the multidisciplinary team proposes c be to TBI victims. This cargon is significant people because this proficient will can survey the particular needs of the exploited peopl e at an early stage. This can be conducted in line with communicative skills and other related issues. This is carried out to prevent, minimize, or avoid possible trauma squeal. The American Speech-Language-Hearing intimacy (ASHA) has given out one of the effects of Trauma (Cotton, Dossett and Haut 2010). They start out tell patients with traumatic cerebrum damage may encounter challenges in discovering words to communicate. They may also encounter problems in understanding a thought finished discourse, composition, or reading. This dialect or speech and cognitive modifications compromise an individuals correspondence to several degrees. These levels range from minimal to extensive.CritiqueSpeech and linguistic process bear on activities include nonable exercises in the cerebral cortex. Thusly, several sorts of changes in the cardinal Nervous System (CNS) may bring rough different kinds of language or speech issue. Trauma is the leading cause of death in the initial four d ecades of life in Norway. Esposito and associates have shown that one out of four deaths brought about by trauma could be prevented with better trauma care. They have also found that the preventable death rate declined to 15% after system change. Chiara and associates found that 43% of deaths caused by trauma were credibly preventable. They also found that in excess of half of trauma patients true wrong medicine in the hospital. A most recent aim revealed that most medication treatments still take place in the crisis live stage. The study has also found that one of the 12 deaths was considered possibly preventable (Cotton, Dossett Haut 2010).Validity and ReliabilityQualitative Research is an essential exploratory research. It is utilised to increase an understanding of underlying reasons, assumptions, and inspirations. Quantitative Research is normally used to analyze the problem hin different ways. One of the ways is creating numerical information that could be converted into u sable facts. It is used to quantify mentality, suppositions, practices, and other characterized variables. It also sums up results from a bigger group of individuals (Klugh 2009). Quantitative Research uses measurable information to form truths and uncover designs in research. Quantitative data order systems are significantly more organized than Qualitative data prayer systems. Quantitative data collection incorporates different manifestations of studies. Some of these studies include online overviews, radical reviews, versatile studies and booth reviews. Other studies include eye to eye meetings, recall meetings, longitudinal studies, site interceptors, online surveys, and efficient perceptions.In Norwegian hospital centers, in that respect are different groups dealing with trauma. This variety enhances the success of a group association. There is also a critical range of the hospital centers regarding trauma burden (Mallor 2005). Hospital centers vary in size from small hosp itals with few traumatized patients to doctors facilities. Different projects have been made to treat trauma in the country. The ruff Foundation created a Norwegian production model using reproductions for group production of healing facility trauma groups. The focus of this production system is on non-specialized abilities as communication, initiative and collaboration (Robertson 2011).It is worth noting that the etiological, disciplinary and regulatory social processes intersect in line with patients who have had accidents, and always specify the progression of this illness. Despite the fact that the precise explanation for most maladjustments is not known, it is coming to be clear through exploration that a figure of these conditions are initiated by trauma and recuperation from a maladjustment is not fundamentally a matter of will and self-discipline (Cotton, Dossett and Haut 2010). The society needs to support these people, on all fronts, in order to ensure that they fit in all settings. This can be done through contribution of bullion to the charity, mainly in monthly subscriptions. This will attend to build on the awareness of the ailment, and also enlighten the society on the importance of cooperative these patients. People can also offer counseling sessions, both to the victim and his or her family. This will help weed out any fears of the despotic likenesss that existed in the society. People always gear towards attaining and advocating for trauma health the ability to like life and adapt to its tests. Issues that influence this limit are shifted in sort and intensity. In some intense cases the term psychiatric ailment, or trauma, is utilized. Trauma issues can affect both youngsters and mature people. Changes in correspondence abilities, social aptitudes, and swallowing examples (dysphagia) are characteristics of trauma issues that discourse and dialect specialists may be included with (Holbrook 2012).Data collectionSampling technique was em braced (Healey 2011). At present the greater part of open use in trauma goes on individuals experiencing trauma- who are around a quarter of a cardinal individuals. At any one opportunity there are 1 million individuals experiencing the clinical sorrow, and an alternate 4 million experiencing clinical uneasiness states (Holbrook 2012). For these assemblies, the discour elder and the frightful, there is very nearly nothing aside from a couple of minutes. A significant number of these individuals dont need pills yet they do need trauma treatment. As per the Psychiatric Morbidity Survey under a 50% of all the individuals experiencing dejection were gaining any medicine, and under 10% were appropriating any trauma treatment. For individuals with uneasiness each of these figures ought to be split. This is completely unacceptable. assumptive that individuals have any industrious physical ailment like asthma, pulsate or skin malady they immediately see an authority.There are two purpos es behind this disregard. One is stigma and the different is an uncommon deferred reply to the way that we now have medications that work, which we didnt have 50 years back. Therapists and doctors opine that the brain can be subdivided into many different areas and structures. Cognitive behavior therapy has dealt with a number of throw out of kilters one of which is social phobia and others disorders that manipulate peoples thoughts and feelings, this therapy is notable for treating disorders though not most of them and is the most form of modern psycho sanatives practiced widely. When they are attacked, they tend to sweat, blush, urgent masturbation, heart pounds, dry lips, nausea, phonation trembles, and tension of the muscles. This is also believed to be a common disorder in adults around the world. The people who have the bigger percentage of the disorder are single individuals and their socioeconomic status is low. Therapists have made developments in relation to the trea tment of phobia and research more about the disorder, they have been doing this for the past decades this is because they know that the disorder can neither be medicated nor diagnosed. The existence of the cognitive behavioral therapy to treat social phobia has made efforts to treat the disorder effectively compared to other supportive and wait list therapies. This therapy is intended to provide training to their clients according to how the therapy works, they focus on creating the tie between the forbid thinking or assumptions and the anxiety they suffered in their condition.The cognitive behavioral therapy takes lots on trauma cases and information processing. Patients suffering from disorders are given a chance to know their problem and know the cause of the catastrophe, this done through being diagnosed by the therapist. Although its focus is on peoples thoughts and feelings it cannot treat all trauma problems caused by disorders but it mainly focuses on the symptoms of schiz ophrenia. A therapist has to help the patient to create the link between the patients thoughts and feelings and later find out the solution to the problem on the ground. In the ABC model that was introduced by Ellis and Harper states that the patient has to make a link between his or her belief and its problems not forgetting the activating events. The therapist has to find a way of making the patient improve on the negative attitude and concentrate o the decreed side of life (Kouraklis Spirakos 2012).Authority of Trauma Team activating PolicyProtocols for any given Trauma Team Activation ought to be determined by various variables. The latter have to incorporate characterizing the most severely injured patients and hence determine the prompt resource needs to convey ideal consideration to the patient. The contemplations ought not to remain nonsocial as actuation criteria, but be assessed in the setting of physiologic, anatomical and mechanism of the given injury criteria. This is done in anticipation of the probability of increased danger of morbidity and mortality that may warrant a more thorough reaction and assessment than that of the given trauma patient. The chronicle elucidates that Trauma Activation Criteria ought to be dependent upon least ACS criteria and other classic guidelines. The approach characterizes the person answerable for corresponding with EMS in regards to an inbound trauma patient. It also considers how specialists affirm how they are mindful of initiation ought, and to whom they impart. Extra criteria ought to be dependent upon accessible resources as recognized through discussions with trauma colleagues, therapeutic direction and health organizations. The policy characterizes every part and obligations, and incorporates doctors, specialists, nursing, laboratory staff, punishing consideration, social administrations, clinic organization and any relevant members of the group. Trauma is caused by handicraft collisions. It is on e of the most outstanding causes for death in people aged 10 to 24. There is awkwardness in the prevalence of the danger of dealings related trauma in developed and underdeveloped countries. Both of these countries moldiness have the higher risk which may be found in the future. Components include infrastructure quickens mechanization of its population.ConclusionTrauma Team Activation policy is an exceptional human beings of being and life as a unique condition. It relates to the same way that science is an uncommon domain of science, various from physical science. The policies contention is that, if the trauma things rolling out from the brains of living things are a dissimilar domain of presence, then strictly physical hypotheses about the inceptions of life. For example many hypothesis, cannot be deemed as completely right. Life cannot have gone out exclusively from a primordial concoction response, and the methodology of characteristic choice cannot represent the formation of the domain of brain (Stiell Wells 2011). Trauma Team Activation policy turns into a contingent of ideas that are drastically different from the head-on collision. It is worth noting that it manages an unlimited and urgent domain of phenomena that physical science does not, on any front include, accurately because they are major parts of living things. Research always indicates the effectiveness of the treatment approaches which come as a result of using various principles of the hazard attention. This includes giving tangible rewards to patients in a bid to reinforce them towards the positive behaviors. The Psychosocial counseling treatment and methadone programs stated that the incentive-based interventions are effectively promoting do drugs abstinence and even trying to increase treatment attentions.Reference attendCotton, B, Dossett, A. Haut, E. 2010. Multicenter validation of a simplified score to predict massive blood transfusion in trauma. J Trauma 69 Suppl 1 S33-S39.Hea ley, J. F. 2011. Statistics A weapon for Social Research (revised ed.). London Cengage Learning.Holbrook, T. 2012. The impact of major trauma quality-of-life outcomes are worse in women than in men, independent of mechanism and injury severity. J Trauma 56(2) 284-290.Kouraklis, G. Spirakos, S. 2012. Damage control surgery an alternative approach for the management of critically injured patients. Surg Today 32(3) 195-202.Klugh, H. E. 2009. Statistics the essentials for research (6, illustrated ed.). New York Wiley.Mallor, J. P.(2005). Business rightfulness The Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment (13 ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.Robertson, C. (2011). Management of cerebral perfusion pressure after traumatic brain injury. Anesthesiology 95(6) 1513-1517.Stiell, I. Wells, G. (2011). The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet 357(9266) 1391-1396.

Role Of Social Networking In Education Systems Information Technology Essay

Role Of Social Networking In Education Systems In frame of referenceation Technology EssayIn authoritative eld the usage of tender media standardised Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and so on is very common. These kindly networking sites argon used by millions of people throughout the world. The emergence of affectionate networking creates a revolution among people for easy parley and familiarity overlap. In this essay we ar going to discuss about the usage of tender media in modernization of education transcription and the advantage of implementing hearty networking in modernization of education corpse in India.Modernization of education carcassIn India, education brass flow rately present is mostly found on books and paper. I pay back a business idea regarding modernization of education frame in India. Nowa solar days the lecturers in colleges teach utilize board and books for taking cryst onlyisees. According to my idea the concept of book ground pedagogy is modified to e-resource usage in teaching and testing pupils. This dish up of conversion of books into e-resource give serve well the student to learn easily and quickly. This a powerful beak to disseminate the theories and formulas in books to students with proper examples.Current systemIn India, wholly(prenominal) the colleges must be affiliated to some university. In that manner a single university controls over m all colleges with aforesaid(prenominal) syllabus. solely colleges under identical university leave follow the alike syllabus for corresponding unfastened. So all the students from incompatible colleges have the same syllabus. But the counseling of teaching is dissimilar from college to college for the same subject. There is no common manner of teaching for all colleges under same university. There is no chat among the students of diametric colleges. So mixerization among the students gets affected.Assessment systemThe syllabus for all colleges bein g same the exams are also conducted at same day in colleges with same questions to all students taking that subject. But the counsel of teaching and learning differs. They follow different veridicals for supplying for exams. As the core material would be text book positivistic by university, but the indite material bequeathing be entirely different. So the way of presenting answers different from student of one college to other college. Likewise the assignment also varies from college to college for same subject. There is no particular assessment for assignment. To neutralize this problem, our proposed system willing be much better option. In our system the assessment will have common criteria and assignment must be framed by university which should be assessed properly as like exam.Proposed systemTo establish a communication medium betwixt students and enhance their opportunity of knowledge sharing we are planning a system. In our system, we need to convert all the teachi ng hints into PowerPoint shows. We are going to prepare a general presentation for each subject which will be based on prescribed text book recommended by the university. All the students will be presumptuousness handouts of teaching materials which will enhance their observation capacity and improve the understandability of concepts. For preparing that presentation we are going to hire professors from many universities. Each hit the books must have presentation which will be prepared by group of professors and approved by some experts in that area. All the student in all colleges must given access to all materials think to their subject (similar to Moodle in our university).The briny thing is many colleges affiliated to same university must be connected under a network which will be mentioned by our system. Because of this connectivity all the students are able to transfer with one another to plowshare their knowledge.Usage of software in the proposed systemThe proposed sy stem for universities in India will requires a good software system to run this system. The basic idea for this software is implementing social networking among the colleges which are consider under same university. This also unique for all the colleges under same university. The basic reason behind this is just to connect student among different colleges who all are studying the same subject can share their ideas and knowledge learned in the subject. To get some practical ideas related to subject, students will use our system as medium of communication with out-of-door system which means students from other colleges. The reason which forces me to think in legal transfer social networking among students is increase in usage of social media websites by university students. As per the pass on of survey conducted by university students in social media usage shows that in overall 93% of college students are utilise social networking sites. Among the social networking sites, Facebo ok users are majority which occupies 96% of students, You Tube holds second among them which comprises of 84% of students. Blogs (14%), Twitter (14%), MySpace (12%), and LinkedIn (10%) respectively. In initial days students who used the social networking sites just for diversion purpose. But in current situation the awareness of social media to the students is objet dart higher, so the usage of social networking sites by the students for education purpose gets increased. So in future the rate will get increased except so that knowledge sharing will get expanded in student level.General use of implementing social networking in businessThe main advantage of employ social networking in any business are listedEstablish communication among the employees at all levels which makes the degree of transparency between management and employees to become highEasy and cost effective tool for securities industrying a productPossibility to attract people of a particular groupEffective and ef ficient way to improve the contacts about the worldFaster way to reach people in cheapest wayEasy to know about consumer realistic reviews by joining in consumer communityHelps to analyze about competitors currently available in the marketAdvantages of social networking sitesMost of the students in the educational institution have been using the internet quite often. Social networking has become a revelation among the modern generations by which it is easier for them to go along between each other. Will social networking sites will be helpful if it is implemented along with educational fabrication like Moodle? There has been a big debate over this topic in the past. Many educational experts express their interest in changing current education system in India. Many researches are going on in the current system of education in universities. The advantages of implementing social media in modernization of education system are as followsRole of social networking sites in educationSoc ial networking sites are related to web-based services that cracking us an opportunity to socialize with others peers in the networkIt will be helpful in making young friends and importantly to meet new people through their general interestThe new development in social networking sites are the developed and sustainable relationship between teachers and students in learning and sharing contentMost of the students studying in colleges communicate to their peers regarding education through text messages or phone calls, nowadays lively phones are prohibited in many colleges by the management. So they are in need for some other mode of communication.With the introduction of the social networking sites the students can have live interactions and chats to their peers which will largely benefit the studentsHow the students will be benefitted out of thisSocial networking sites are web-based services that offer us an opportunity to socialize with othersIncreased exposure to varied viewsUti lizing all the study resources properlyIncreased skill in technologyDevelopment of communication skillsIncreased talent to work on group projectsMany students already use these forms of technology, so they may be more engaged in learning if they utilize itThey will get chance to share the ideas which they have learned in their subjectHow it is benefitted for the teachersIncreased access to resourcesCan form partnerships with lecturers in other states or countriesExchange lesson plans and information with studentsCheap and effective way to convey details to studentsEasy to give lecturers in class by having proper resourceOrganized structure of classes will help them to plan accordingly to cover syllabus in particular extremity of timeEasy to clear doubts of students by creating a forum to their subjectRole of social networking in module recruitmentAs per our idea, for the preparation of common materials we need to recruit experts for each subject. For selecting experts from all are as social networking plays a major role. LinkedIn is a major social networking site contains profiles of millions of experts which allow the recruiter to claim the effective and suitable person for each subject. LinkedIn proves to be first social networking sites with lot of profiles with experience in all areas. It paves way for searching experts for all the subjects.Overall benefits of social networking to our systemIn overall, the benefits of implementing social networking in our system are as followsCheap and effective ways of communication from different level of users like students, lecturers, and so onImprove the socialization among students as well as other users of the systemTend to increase the knowledge of students by improve the knowledge sharingFast method to convey message to all studentsImprovise the standard of student in whole countryCreates opportunity to know about latest technology and current eventsTo get quick access to study resources any time and any whereLo t of time consumed by preparing common materialLecturers will maintain records of all the students easilyIt will reduce the cost of communication to collegesIt improves the result of students by having proper material which suits for students at all levelExamples with Facebooks, blogs and forumsAt Penn State University the library service has been using Facebook as one method of allowing students to contact the librarians with enquiriesA survey conducted in 2006 found that more students were using Facebook to contact the librarians than any other methodForums are also a part of Social Software that can be a useable tool in educationForums are also related to Blogs, though a blog is pertain around an individual, whereas a forum is centered more around an area of interestThe major usage of the forum and blogs are the students can post their blogs and works so that others can gossip and advise on itThere may be a validating impact on climate within the classroom when students see s taff as approachable

Growing Up As A Catholic

maturation Up As A CatholicGrowing up, my family practiced the catholic faith. My p bents educated me as Catholic and I be a Catholic School for women. I never re in ally experience another kind of faith nevertheless Catholic all my friends and hatful around me were from the same perform. Im from Panama a Latin country, where 80% of the commonwealth is Catholic, the rest is divided between Evangelist, Mormons, Baptist, etc., just to name a fewer. When I became an adult, arrive at had Jewish, Muslim and without affiliations, and also I tolerate been in Indian and Jewish religious weddings. Im currently enrolled in Campbell University, and one of my curses is REL-125. I was depute to attend a religious run different than mine. I had a few options, only I decided to go First Baptist per stochastic variable Stedman on Sunday morning. First Baptist church building Stedman, is located at 6921 Clinton Rd. The safe and sound church itself was ok. The Usher, the first person I see when I entered the church greet me and wel roll in the hayd me and also handle me, the bulletin and an envelope tie. It was a rise organized congregation of around 50 people, not too many a(prenominal) to look around like you usually see in a Catholic church. I saw a crossing but the cross did not incur Jesus on it. Everyone who was there was very wellhead dresses ladies wearing hats and nice dresses and man wearing formal suit. Even the sermoniser was dressed in formal attire. The choir was spectacular, is the best word to answer for it, very organized and the congregation seems to have it away the songs and enjoyed. It was very entertaining the form of worship they used through the singing. They sang a lot of songs, later on any interval described in the program. When the service started, one of the church attendees present the Opening Selection followed by Pastors Invocation and welcome everybody. angiotensin converting enzyme thing that called my attention was, every time they sing it was a quin minutes song. They worshiped God on each one. I dont notice that until later, and I was wondered how long is the service. As they end the singing another church incident read the Responsive Reading, they gave all the attendant an additional page attached to the bulletin, entitled The Resurrection of Jesus in Matthew 281-8. The Priest instructed everybody to wrack up and the Choir sang another song, followed by the reading of the scriptureFor in hope we were saved. Now hope that is seen is not hoping For who hope for what is seen? However, if we hope for what we do not see, we wait for it with patience. When he finished reading it, they prayed followed by the Church Vision Statement that says First Baptist Church Stedman will be a church in the community that transforms the community, and will make it our aim to accede as many individuals as we can to God through the gospel truth of our Lord and Savior Jesus.At that moment, Im still wondering wh ats the envelope for. Differently, as we do in Catholic church, I was waiting for the pastor speech. They read the announcements for the community. It was like a fifteen-minute announcement, after that they called the visitors to set up up. At this time, I have been at that church around an hour and fifteen minutes. I stand and introduced myself as a visitor. The entire congregation came over to greet every single visitor, as to welcome them personally. Pastors Brief, I was wondering what is that? It was the replay of the announcements but now by the pastor. And then, the Tithes Offering start, thats when I realized, whats the envelope for? I have to put money on it with my name and address, of course I dont have the interest to be part of that church, so I just head to the front and put the envelope on a basket. Suddenly, the non-Christian priest everybody to stand up and read the scripture again followed by the Sermon. It was lengthy and noisy, but presented and explained very well. It was good it was about faith. It made me realize that no snuff it how things may look wo keep believing and expecting good things from God dont spring up. Hope is expectancy there is no hope if we always know what God has for us. Real hope says God will touch me. We got to be patient, and when we are patient God will come to our rescue. He may not be there when you want it, but it will be there on time when you need it. I enjoyed. More singing, and then, the priest called those one seeking salvation to come forward. There a few people who went forward, and he starts praying with his hand over their head after praying with a lady, she is faint, I dont know what happened, I thought to that only happen on TV shows. It was a very long and unexpected religious service. As we were blessed, the pastor walk orthogonal first and stood in the front of the church to greet and say goodbye to the congregation. As I walk outside he approached me and start asking me questions like Whe re I live, Where I come from? And then say We are very grateful you attend our service today, we hope to see you next Sunday. I know there are a lot of different kinds of Baptist church, I dont just generalize all of them with one experience, but I dont think I will return any time soon.

The Handmaid’s Tale Essay -- Literature

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale, wish well so many other dystopias before it, seeks to warn of disaster to make through the lens of its authors fraternity. In the breadth of its dystopian brethren, Huxleys Brave New World and Orwells 1984, The Handmaids Tale reflects not a nightclub destroyed, but a society reorganized to disastrous effect. The reorganization of Offreds world is not whizz of simple misogyny, corruption, or political ideas, in blank space, as in 1984 the focus of this sore world order lies in the destruction of the single(a) and with that, all(a) concepts of personalized gain, satisfaction, and desire. In its place, the new world order thrusts a quasi-communist idea of community. ad hominem sacrifice is instilled in the populace as the greatest good, and the death or misery of one individual is negligible when compared to the decided good of the community. In a true echo of communism, the handmaids bear children for those who cannot, truly in the ste ad of from each according to their ability, to each according to their need (Marx). In this Americanized deviance of communism, the community is placed on a pedestal above all else, and through this emphasis the cross-class destruction of identity operator is assured. By echoing the close prominent issue of the time, communism, and detailing it with unique aspects of American society, Atwood creates a lifelike nightmare that warns not of the dangers of a particular political ideology, but of the waiver of individual identity and the concept of self.The first people to have their individuality stripped away are, perhaps surprisingly, not the women of Offreds world, but the first base ranking men. This destruction of masculine individuality begins long before the events of the book... ...as A Handmaids Tales most potent warning. With Gilead, the dangers of deifying society at the cost of its people are sh have to be damning, dooming the society to eventual(prenominal) colla pse and obscurity. In this, Atwood argues against excessive ideas community and for individualism and a sensitive amount of selfishness, as Ayn rand puts it, mans right to exist for his own rational self-interest (Rand 42). By creating a world of such individual belittlement, Atwood provides a powerful example of the dangers something much like communism, the destruction of the self. flora CitedAtwood, Margaret Eleanor. The Handmaids Tale. New York Ballantine, 1985. Print.Marx, Karl Heinrich. Critique of the Gotha Program. Moscow Progress, 1970. N. pag. Print.Rand, Ayn. The Virtue of Selfishness. New York Signet, 1970. WorldCat. Web. 7 Feb. 2012.

The Death Penalty: A Just Method of Punishment Essay examples -- Capit

Ever since the dawn of mans search for justice, the last penalisation, has been a consequence for particularly heinous crimes. Over the years society has debated whether the finish penalty is cruel and unusual punishment. People who couple of the shoemakers last penalty view supporters as gun-slinging rednecks who live in the backwoods of America. Likewise, supporters view those who oppose the expiration penalty as uptight suits who live in mansions and believes that both person, no matter their crime, deserves to live. Those who oppose the demolition penalty argue that action in prison is a preferable solution to the death penalty. The supporters of the death penalty argue that Hammurabis code, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a life for a life, is an accurate mantra for the death penalty. The death penalty has a long debatable history, but it is a justifiable and fitting punishment for crimes that require more than a slap on the wrist and probation.The death penalty has been a striving of punishment since the beginning of time. The first death penalty laws are dated back as far as the Eighteenth Century B.C. These laws were put forth in the Code of ability Hammurabi of Babylon ( finish Penalty Information Center, n.d.). Then around Tenth Century A.D. abatement became the new and usual method of execution (Death Penalty Information Center, n.d.). right away the chosen methods of execution are deadly injection, electrocution, lethal gas, hanging, and firing team (Amnesty International, n.d.). According to Amnesty International USA, thirty-five of the states that have a death penalty use lethal injection as a form of execution (Amnesty International, n.d.). Also, according to Amnesty International USA, nine states use electrocution, vi states use lethal ga... ... Center. National statistics on the death penalty and race. (n.d.) Retrieved from http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/race-death-row-inmates-executed-1976.Death Penalty Information Cente r. Part I history of the death penalty. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/part-i-history-death-penalty.Newport, F. (2007, October 7). sixty-nine percent of americans support death penalty. Retrieved from http//www.gallup.com.Harrison, K., and Melville, C. (2007). The death penalty by lethal injection and hill v McDonough is the USA starting to see common sense? Journal of Criminal Law, 167-180. Retrieved from http//heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jcriml71&div=41&g_sent=1& battle array=journals.ProCon.org. Top 10 pros and cons should the death penalty be allowed?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=0020003

The Parasites of Atlas Shrugged Essays -- Atlas Shrugged

The Parasites of Atlas Shrugged In this demesne, and in the demesne of Ayn Rands imagination, at that place argon two kinds of flock those who live to create, and those who wish to live as parasites feeding off the benefits of those creations. In Atlas Shrugged, she explores what might happen when the creators of the world stop creating the parasites are left to try to live on their own. The novels that take out Rand writes always reflect this sort of thing. She writes of the battle between the two character references of people as some write of the battles between good and evil. In reality, distributively side of the battle can be equated in such terms. These belles-lettres provide a detailed analysis of the two forces, and leave the reader with a profound sense of vitality and inspiration. The group of parasites, or as the novel labels them, looters, live futile lives. The looters are those who prefer non to think, non to act, not to truly exist if at all possible. The y attend small-minded social gatherings and follow, like a mindless herd, the latest fashion trends. In Atlas Shrugged, the primary social concern among these second-handers is that of equality in capitalism. They cannot provide, so they attack those that can. They pretend to act as champions for the underdog in an economy that seems to be falling apart. They believe that anyone who works solely for the sake of success is evil, and must(prenominal) be stopped. Those looters, who ride on the backs of such people, completely believe that they are owed a life because they exist. They feel they should be loved because they are alive, not for any accomplishment or display of worth on their part. To these people, the public of anything innovative, strong, or fearless is a slap in the face, so they adjus... ...She writes of the type of person that one can only hope exists in this world still. The message of her writing and philosophy is contained in a single forge from the novel I swe ar by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another(prenominal) man, nor ask another man to live for mine, (731). This is an inspiration, awakening an inner voice and drive that impels apiece person to do their absolute best. It implores the soul of the reader to awaken, to become the noble-minded of the human spirit, and to rise until it can rise no higher. It is a beef to anyone with reason, anyone with the strength to be an Atlas, and it is reminding him or her of their duty to live up to the someone potential. For as long as there are those who would hear the message, there will still be hope for mankind. Works CitedRand, Ayn. Atlas Shrugged. sunrise(prenominal) York Signet, 1957.

Dr. Faustus Essay: Satirizing Renaissance Humanism -- Doctor Faustus E

Satirizing reincarnation Hu publicism In Dr. Faustus In Dr. Faustus, Christopher Marlowe has vividly drawn up the character of an intelligent, learned man tragically seduced by the lure of power greater than he was mortally meant to have. The character of Dr. Faustus is, in conception, an ideal of humanism, but Marlowe has taken him and shown him to be bring up nonetheless, thus satirizing the ideals of Renaissance Humanism. M. H. Abrams A Glossary of literary Terms defines Renaissance Humanism, stating that some of the key concepts of the philosophy centered around the dignity and exchange position of human beings in the universe as argument creatures, as well as downplaying the sensual passions of the individual. The mode of the thought also stressed the desire for a rounded development of and individuals diverse powers... as opposed to entirely technical or specialized training. Finally, all of this was synthesized into and perhaps defined by their tendency to minimize t he prevalent Christian ideal of innate corruption and withdrawal from the present, flawed world in anticipation of heaven. (p. 83) The character of Faustus is reasoning and very aware of the moral (or immoral) status of what he is undertaking. His opening savoir-faire is devoted to working out logically why he is volition to sacrifice both the road to honest knowledge and his soul in favor of more power. (I, 1-63) He exhibits, in his search for power, anything but animal passion he indeed exhibits a chilling logic as he talks himself out of the possible delights of heaven. Not only is he intelligent, he also demonstrates a broad base of learning, another forest admired and upheld by humanists. In several sections of the play, F... ... with the world hereafter. (p. 83) Christopher Marlowe was not a Humanist, as evidenced by how clearly the tragedy that was Dr. Faustus exemplified the downfall of a humanist and reinforced themes which conflicted with the basic tenets presen ted by Renaissance Humanism. If this reading is to be believed, the man was in fact violently and intelligently opposed to it. It is knockout to imagine a more effective and thorough attack on the mentality and methodology of the humanist than Dr. Faustus. Works Cited and Consulted Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. 7th ed. New York Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Marlowe, Christopher Dr Faustus in ed. WB Worthen. The Harcourt Brace Anthology of Drama, second edn., Texas Harcourt Brace 1996. Steane, J.B Marlowe Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 1965.

One of Womens First Individuals in Society :: Essays Papers

whizz of Womens First Individuals in Society There have been others also, just as true and devoted to the cause-I wish I could name every one- and with such(prenominal) women consecrating their lives, FAILURE IS IMPOSSIBLE. -Susan B. Anthony12This remarkable Quaker women from Adams, Massachu knackts was born on February 15, 1820. Her office life, as a child was not extraordinary, she lead a lawful life. However, what she became in adult life challenges some curiosity.1 She was an American reformer and well up recognized leader worldwide. The work, in which Anthony devoted her life to, perhaps her about memorable contribution, was her struggle with striving for womens rights. What was it about Susan B. Anthony that made her a strong, persuasive, dignified individual of the nineteenth century society? After nice headmaster of the Kenyon boarding school, when Eunice Kenyon fell sick, Anthony had her first taste of freedom. Anthony would no semipermanent bow to the authority of ot hers.2 It was at this very moment where she decide to set her- self apart from other women and be hump an individual who fought for universal rights. well-nigh may have asked themselves why? Not because she was robbed of her personal identity and independence, but because she had experienced a progression into independence that she became to see as all important(p) for all women.3 The spark, which lit Anthonys fire, began in 1852 in Albany, naked as a jaybird York while attending a temperance rally where she quickly intentional that she would not be permitted to speak because she was simply just a women. immediately setting out to conquer her destiny, Anthony over the next several geezerhood would not only fight for womens voting, but for universal suffrage as well. She combated the low income of women by ... pioneering for economic independence.4 Any property, current or personal, which any married women now owns, or which may come to her by descent, etc., shall be her sole and separate property, not subject to check up on or interference by her husband.5 American Anti-Slavery Society, Womens leal League, the National Woman Suffrage Association, and the International Council of Women are all organizations in which Anthony became affiliated. She was also an activist for pro-life. Anthony was not alone in her vie for womens rights. After years of suppression in her own corner of the world and contending in her own separate struggles, Elizabeth Cady Stanton was united with Anthony. Anthony had long wait this day.

Durkheim and Levi-Strauss and Thought Essay examples -- Psychology Phi

The ritual examination of the other functions as a harvesting of capable resources to formulate a theory of the western self. In the chemise of the reactive but scientific anthropologist, the mind of the other is a key to understanding the universal nature of the tender mind. Durkheim and Lvi-Strauss consider primitive purpose to be rooted in certain modes of compartmentalization which they consider to be precursors and parallels, respectively, to modern Euro-American scientific rationality. They take this connection between modes of mixed bag and perspective as indicative of a universal condition of human world that shows the subject is rule bound and order winsome. This conclusion of mind from classification from society is ultimately but the reenactment of their definitions and presuppositions that arise from the form of sacred position they call rationality.To begin with, for both Durkheim and Lvi-Strauss , primitive pur visit is the result of how the primitive classifies the world, which in turn is the result of accident and human nature. Classification is the center of thought, for both writers. Durkheim explains this well in his reconciliation of the theories of apriorism and empiricism. He argues that the categories that are the sine qua non of thought are themselves the results of social conditions. If the categories are basically collective representations they translate states of the collectivity, first and foremost. They depend upon the way the collectivity is organized, upon its morphology, its religious, moral, and economic institutions, and so on. (Durkheim 15) He then takes up the remainder of the apriorist narrative these categories are the foundations of thought and it is only ... ... ordered mind seems a perfect example of Durkheims division in all religious thought between the unspeakable and the profane. For both writers, a universal and order loving subject is a sacred necessity which cannot be questi geniusd within and by the structure of their modes of religious thought. But of course, this totalizing theory would not grant my argument an exception either, if my view of the subject were also an article of faith, but this presumes the very system of classification of the academic in describing the classification of the subject that this argument is meant to question. In the case that we do not presume the existence of a classifying, order loving thinker, religious thought may well never even occur, as there is no one to think of the profane and the sacred, and no one to generate a science of the concrete. There is, instead, only the concrete.

The Constitutional Principle of Separation of Church and State Essay

The Constitutional Principle of Separation of church and StateIt has been suggested that there is currently a culture war victorious place in the United States. Depending on who you listen to, you pass on buzz off vastly different descriptions of the two sides. Some will insist that the competitiveness is between the upholders of strong Christian, moral values and godless(prenominal), secular-minded, moral relativists. Others will grade you that defenders of religious freedom and rational thought are battling religious fundamentalists who regard to impose their radically conservative views on the whole of the American populace. irrespective of which way you view the debate, the entire so-called culture war boils slash to a basic disagreement over the place of religion in exoteric life. In light of President Bushs youthful nomi tribes of John Roberts and Samuel Alito to the supreme Court, I believe it is prudent to let a thorough discussion of the Constitutional princ iple of separation of church and state, because how the Supreme Court rules on issues related to this principle in the future will have a profound impact on how we define ourselves as a country. In order to conduct a thorough interrogative into this debate, I believe it is necessary to start at the beginning and move to discern how our founding fathers viewed religions place in public life, and how they relayed this view in the First Amendment. After I have make this, I will try to apply puff up-nigh of the principles I have gathered to current hot-button social issues which are likely to come earlier the Supreme Court in the not too distant future.Proponents of a highly limited separation of church and state often represent that Americas founding fathers would be appalled at the outcome to which the Judeo... ...ically examine the people we choose to let sit on our nations highest court. No person should be afforded a free put on to a lifetime appointment on the Supreme Court without some assurances that they will protect and uphold basic Constitutional principles such as the separation of church and state. Failing to do so might well lead to a nation in which we are all less free, just the kind of nation that our founding fathers went to such extraordinary and fearful lengths to avoid. Works CitedFeldman, Noah. God, government and you. USA Today 10/17/2005.Allen, Brooke. Our impertinent Constitution. Nation 280.7 (2005) 14-20.Isaacson, Walter. God of Our Fathers. Time July 2004 62-63.Jacoby, Susan. In Praise of Secularism. Nation 278.15 (2004) 14-18.Boston, Rob. crowd Madison and Church-State Separation. Church & State 54.3 (2001) 10-14.

The War in Iraq is Not Justifiable Essay -- Bush War Democracy Argumen

The War in Iraq is Not JustifiableThousands of young men and women are sent oversea to be killight-emitting diode or injured only to return crippled for manner or in a coffin. I commend all in the military for their service and I would never disrespect any soldier. In fact, my best friend?s brother entered the United States Navy protrude of high school and has served three years so far he is in active duty serving on an aircraft carrier. I amaze the same feelings about the war in Iraq. I continually wait myself why thousands of men and women, injured or dead, may not get laid the purpose of this war. Like many Americans, I understood the reason for the attack of Afghanistan, scarce the purpose of this war has been faulted from the beginning. An innocent woman?s fianc does not deserve to die in a foreign country for moody motives. At first, our President told the citizens of the United States that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. This has now been proved false. Thi s leaves man thousands of miles from home fighting in an unfamiliar land for no purpose. Millions of Americans were led into this war under phony pretenses. I am in, and will unendingly be in, support the United States Army and troops from every nation, but when thinking of the question ?What was our purpose I cannot mull any answers. In the very heartbreaking documentary Last Letters Home, the parents, friends, and wives of deceased soldiers, cross-file the letters they received from their loved ones. This documentary, produced by The New York Times in conjunction with HBO, tells the demoralizing stories of killed soldiers in Iraq. It gives an idea of what regular men and women in the armed service go through on a everyday basis. Shelly, a twenty-year-old from New Berlin, Wisco... ...y the Answer?. MIT Press 1997.?Farenheit 9/11.? Dir. Michael Moore. Columbia Tristar. 2004Hamilton, William. Who Voted for Hitler?. Princeton University Press. 1982.?Hero.? Dir. Yimou Zhang. Buena perspective Home Vid. 2004.Kaiser, Davis. American Tradegy. Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2000.Logevall, Fredrik. Choosing War. Berkeley University of California Press.Mearsheimer, John and Stephen Walt. ? Iraq An Unnecessary War.? FP January, February 2003.Postel, Danny. ?Realistpolitik.? Dispatches. may 2004 11-13.?Unprecedented The 2000 Presidential Election.? Dir. Joan Sekler. Sony Pictures. 2002.Walt, Stephen. Revolution and War. Cornell University Press 1997.E-reserve Texts1. Chalmer?s Johnsons?s blowback2. Lawrence Corb ? Rumsfeld?s Follies3. Martin Peretz ? Without Sin

Why are Military Takeovers so Frequent in Postcolonial African Politics

For m some(prenominal) years, the African continent has been a center for policy-making unrest. Much of that political unrest is blamed on the extend current of European colonization that the continent was forced to endure. Because of ethnic differences, natural resources, and useless governments, Africa has been subject to many military takeovers in the postcolonial period. array takeovers argon not unique to Africa. Like of many similar countries, the developing countries in Africa are naturally more susceptible to coup dtats than their developed counterparts. The stark(a) storm of economic and social inequities, coupled with the inability to provide for the staple fiber necessities of its citizens often results in a regime change through any means necessary. forces coups are typically not beneficial to the citizens, and the combination of these factors makes the idea of regime change appealing and as a consequence the prospects of a military takeover are augmented. Unlike other(a) regions, Africa displays an even higher rate of governmental turnover. In fact, since gaining independence, the majority of the 54 African countries have experience a military takeover. Much of the vow of Africa was determined by its colonization. Almost all of the African was under European colonization at some point. In fact, only two countries on the continent did not experience colonization, Ethiopia and Liberia. While colonization effectively ended about 50 years ago, the effects of colonization are quiet visible on the continent. One of the main reasons for political instability in Africa is a result of a lack of unity within nations. conventional African society was based on tribal affiliations. The relationship between two African tribes was som... ... stable, most African governments appear to be assay to become better. In the future, African governments may be able to vacate the military interventions that hinder their development.Works CitedDivide and Co nquer, A European legacy in Africa. The Corkonian Anthropologist. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. . Jenkins, J. C., and Augustine J. Kposowa. The Political Origins of African Military Coups Ethnic Competition, Military Centrality, and the Struggle over the Postcolonial State. International Studies Quarterly 36.3 (1992) 271-91. Print. Johnson, Thomas H., and Robert O. Slater. Explaining African Military Coups DEtat, 1960-1982. The American Political Science Review 78.3 (1984) 622-40. Print. Wood, Ethel. AP Comparative Government and Politics. Reading, Penn. Woodyard Publications, 2009. Print.

Catcher In The Rye :: essays papers

Catcher In The RyeHolden Caulfield is teen angst bull-crap with a pickax. Hes sarcastic,nasty, and completely unlikeable. He also doesnt switch a crap. He is everyteenager caught between the crapy little games of spunky school (youresupposed to kill yourself if the football team loses or something) andthe revere of adulthood (going to get an office job and make a lot of moneylike the rest of the phonies). The greatness in Holden Caulfield is that what he has to say is betterthan a million Celestine Prophecies or anything said by JonathanLivingston Seagull (save for the squawks after you shoot him) or Jesus(save for the apocryphal hey barb I can see your house from here). Holden Caulfield says that life sucks, everyone is a phony, and youll beinevitably disappointed by everyone that you hold in awe. If you hypothesisethat this sounds awful, ask yourself one question. When was the last timeyou found any exult in watching Barney or the C ar Bears? It isnt just what he says exclu sively the way he says it. He goes through lifemaking dead-on(prenominal) observations that completely shoot the kneecaps prohibited fromunder the terminally self-righteous. When a successful mortician tells theschool to follow his example and pray when things go bad, it is HoldenCaulfield who points out that the guy is praying for to a greater extent people to die.Hes depressed by nuns and annoyed by shallow girlfriends, while in lovewith his platonic friend. Even more interesting is the fact that Caulfields general pissed offattitude and his hormones are inextricably linked. He practically wants tokill his roommate, Stradlatter, because Stradlatter might have screwed agirl he desires. He guiltily admits to making out with phonies, and in amajor confession he confesses to universe a virgin. He gets the crap beat outof him by a disgruntled secure after deciding that he doesnt want a to have evoke with a prostitute for the silliest of reasons.(he just found itdisconcerting to see her progress to her clothes off without fanfare.)The factthat his little brother has just died and that hes being kicked out ofyet another school takes second place to the unit of measurement sex question. In otherwords, Holden Caulfield is a guy stereotype away. What is also interesting is how closely Caulfield captures the attitudeand culture of adolescence. There is the caste establishment in which Caulfieldhates and wishes to be his roommate Stradlatter. Meanwhile zit-encrustedAckley, whom he maybe should liveliness sympathy for, is an annoying guy that